Primary source · Koine Greek

The Didache — Teaching of the Twelve Apostles

Anonymous compiler (the Didachist) · c. AD 50–70 (traditional dating)

What this text is

The earliest surviving manual of church order: the Two Ways, the forms for baptism and eucharist, the weekly fasts, and the tests for wandering apostles and prophets. Lost until Bryennios recovered the sole complete Greek copy in 1873.

Profile of The Didachist (Author of the Didache) →

Interlinear passages

Word-for-word glosses of the original; the complete public-domain translation is linked below.

Chapter 1.1 — The Two Ways
ὉδοὶWaysδύοtwoεἰσίν,there areμίαoneτῆςofζωῆςlifeκαὶandμίαoneτοῦofθανάτου·deathδιαφορὰdifferenceδὲbutπολλὴgreatμεταξὺbetweenτῶνtheδύοtwoὁδῶν.ways
Chapter 9.4 — Over the broken bread
ὭσπερAsἦνwasτοῦτοthisτὸtheκλάσμαbroken-breadδιεσκορπισμένονscatteredἐπάνωuponτῶνtheὀρέωνmountainsκαὶandσυναχθὲνgatheredἐγένετοbecameἕν…one

Public-domain translations

Roberts–Donaldson (ANF, 1886)

There are two ways, one of life and one of death, and there is a great difference between the two ways. …As this broken bread was scattered upon the mountains, and gathered together became one, so let thy Church be gathered together from the ends of the earth into thy kingdom.

J. B. Lightfoot (1891)

There are two Ways, one of Life and one of Death; and great is the difference between the two Ways. …As this broken bread was scattered upon the mountains and being gathered together became one, so may thy Church be gathered together from the ends of the earth into thy kingdom.

Manuscript witnesses

Codex Hierosolymitanus 54 (Bryennios codex)

AD 1056

The Jerusalem-Patriarchate codex in which Metropolitan Philotheos Bryennios rediscovered the Didache in 1873 — also carrying 1–2 Clement and Barnabas.

SOLE COMPLETE WITNESS

P.Oxy. XV 1782

4th c.

Two tiny parchment leaves of the Two Ways section — the only ancient Greek witness.

EARLIEST FRAGMENT

Bryennios editio princeps (Constantinople)

1883

The publication that returned the Teaching to the world.

PRINTED PROXY

Provenance

Syria-Palestine; lost for a millennium, recovered at Constantinople in 1873

Editions & scholarship

Critical editions and standard translations behind the text above.

Figures named in this text (1)

Complete public-domain text ↗