Every Named Figure, AD 4–400

Every figure of the archive, placed left to right by the year they died and pulled together by the sources that name them alongside one another. The clusters are not drawn in: they are the schools, the sees and the households the evidence itself groups. Drag a figure to pull their circle out of the crowd; select one to open their profile.

Where the sources record two figures in open opposition the archive says so, and the picture above draws those links in red. These are the quarrels the period was argued out in.

• Athanasius of Alexandria — AriusThe Arian controversy
• Alexander of Alexandria — AriusExcommunication of Arius
• Athanasius of Alexandria — Eusebius of NicomediaThe Eusebian party vs Athanasius
• Athanasius of Alexandria — George of CappadociaIntruded rival bishop of Alexandria
• Athanasius of Alexandria — Gregory of CappadociaIntruded rival bishop of Alexandria
• Athanasius of Alexandria — Emperor Constantius IIExiles under Constantius II
• Athanasius of Alexandria — Ursacius of SingidunumCareer-long accusers of Athanasius
• Athanasius of Alexandria — Valens of MursaCareer-long accusers of Athanasius
• Athanasius of Alexandria — Meletius of LycopolisThe Melitian schism
• Peter of Alexandria — Meletius of LycopolisOrigin of the Melitian schism
• Felix I of Rome — Paul of SamosataRome against Paul of Samosata
• Malchion of Antioch — Paul of SamosataDisputation at Antioch, 268
• Cyprian of Carthage — Stephen I of RomeThe rebaptism controversy
• Firmilian of Caesarea — Stephen I of RomeThe rebaptism controversy
• Cyprian of Carthage — Novatian of RomeSchism over the lapsed
• Cornelius of Rome — Novatian of RomeRival bishops of Rome
• Cyprian of Carthage — Felicissimus of CarthageThe schism of Felicissimus
• Victor I of Rome — Polycrates of EphesusThe Quartodeciman dispute
• Hippolytus of Rome — Callistus I of RomeSchism at Rome
• Hippolytus of Rome — Noetus of SmyrnaAgainst the heresy of Noetus
• Callistus I of Rome — SabelliusExcommunication of Sabellius
• Tertullian of Carthage — PraxeasAdversus Praxean
• Tertullian of Carthage — Marcion of SinopeAdversus Marcionem
• Justin Martyr — Marcion of SinopeJustin against Marcion
• Justin Martyr — Crescens the CynicDenounced by Crescens the Cynic
• Polycarp of Smyrna — Marcion of Sinope“The firstborn of Satan”
• Irenaeus of Lyon — ValentinusAgainst Heresies
• Origen of Alexandria — Demetrius of AlexandriaCondemnation of Origen
• Origen of Alexandria — CelsusContra Celsum
• Basil the Great — Eunomius of CyzicusAgainst Eunomius
• Gregory of Nyssa — Eunomius of CyzicusAgainst Eunomius
• Basil the Great — Emperor ValensBasil before the Arian emperor
• Basil the Great — Eustathius of SebasteThe Pneumatomachian break
• Gregory of Nazianzus — Apollinaris of LaodiceaAgainst Apollinarianism
• Gregory of Nyssa — Apollinaris of LaodiceaAntirrheticus adversus Apolinarium
• Gregory of Nazianzus — Emperor Julian the ApostateInvectives against Julian
• Donatus of Carthage — Caecilian of CarthageThe Donatist schism
• Caecilian of Carthage — Majorinus of CarthageRival bishops of Carthage
• Optatus of Milevis — Parmenian of CarthageAgainst Parmenian the Donatist
• Jerome of Stridon — JovinianAdversus Jovinianum
• Siricius of Rome — JovinianCondemnation of Jovinian
• Ambrose of Milan — Palladius of RatiariaCouncil of Aquileia, 381
• Hilary of Poitiers — Auxentius of MilanContra Auxentium
• Hilary of Poitiers — Emperor Constantius IIContra Constantium
• Liberius of Rome — Emperor Constantius IIExile and forced subscription
• Lucifer of Cagliari — Emperor Constantius IILucifer’s pamphlets against the emperor
• Meletius of Antioch — Paulinus of AntiochThe Meletian schism of Antioch
• Macedonius of Constantinople — Paul of ConstantinopleRival bishops of Constantinople
• Photinus of Sirmium — Basil of AncyraDisputation at Sirmium, 351
• Marcellus of Ancyra — Asterius the SophistContra Asterium
• Eusebius of Caesarea — Marcellus of AncyraContra Marcellum
• Eusebius of Caesarea — Porphyry of TyreAgainst Porphyry’s attack
• Lactantius — Sossianus HieroclesAnswering Hierocles
• Eusebius of Caesarea — Sossianus HieroclesContra Hieroclem
• Eustathius of Antioch — Eusebius of CaesareaAccusations after Nicaea
• Aetius of Antioch — Basil of AncyraHomoiousians against Aetius
• Montanus — Claudius Apollinaris of HierapolisAgainst the New Prophecy
• Ephrem the Syrian — Bardaisan of EdessaProse refutations of Bardaisan