The Ante-Nicene Church · AD 180–313
Saint Sebastian
d. c. AD 288 (martyr) · Praetorian officer · Martyr · Rome
The Ante-Nicene Church
Who Saint Sebastian was
A praetorian officer martyred at Rome under Diocletian, of whom Ambrose already preaches — noting that this Milanese went to Rome to suffer — a century before the arrows of the later legend. His grave on the Appian Way is fixed in the Depositio Martyrum of 354; he became one of the great plague-patrons of the West.
Also listed in martyrs.
Common questions
When did Saint Sebastian die?
Saint Sebastian is dated d. c. AD 288 (martyr) in the archive, which places Saint Sebastian in the Ante-Nicene Church (AD 180–313). The dating is traditional and approximate; the archive marks it as uncertain rather than fixing a year the sources do not give.
Which early sources mention Saint Sebastian?
Saint Sebastian is named in 2 primary-source passages catalogued here, drawn from The Roman Chronograph of 354 and Ambrose of Milan. Every passage is quoted from a named public-domain translation, earliest first.
Where was Saint Sebastian from?
The archive associates Saint Sebastian with Rome.
Who were Saint Sebastian’s contemporaries?
The archive links Saint Sebastian to 2 other figures, including Emperor Diocletian and Ambrose of Milan. Each connection is drawn from a source that places them together, not from inference.
Primary-source mentions (2)
Every passage below is quoted from a named public-domain translation, earliest first.
Depositio Martyrum, in the Chronography of 354 (Rome, compiled AD 336–354; original Latin, working translation)
c. AD 354[The bare earliest record — the Roman church's own burial calendar.] The 13th day before the Kalends of February: Fabian in the cemetery of Callistus, and Sebastian in the Catacombs.The Roman Chronograph of 354 · source text
Ambrose, Exposition of Psalm 118, sermon 20.44 (c. AD 396; original Latin, working translation)
c. AD 385Take the example of the martyr Sebastian, whose birthday we keep today. He was a Milanese by origin; perceiving that here the contest was slack or absent, he departed to Rome, where fierce persecutions were raging for the faith — and there he suffered, there he won his crown. [The arrows of his familiar iconography come only from the 5th-century legendary Passio.]Ambrose of Milan · source text
Connected in the archive
People
Events in this lifetime
- AD 235 · Maximinus Thrax targets the clergy, AD 235
- AD 250 · The Decian persecution, AD 250
- AD 251 · The Novatianist schism, AD 251
- AD 257 · The Valerian persecution, AD 257
- AD 260 · Gallienus’ edict of toleration, AD 260
- AD 268 · Antioch deposes Paul of Samosata, AD 268
- AD 272 · Aurelian awards the Antioch church, AD 272
Place
Places served
The one place the sources put Saint Sebastian.
- 1Rome