Primary source · Latin
On the Duties of the Clergy (De Officiis)
Ambrose of Milan · c. AD 391
What this text is
Cicero's De Officiis rewritten for the presbyterate — with the church's plate melted for captives, and Lawrence's gridiron wit quoted as the pattern of clerical courage.
Interlinear passages
Word-for-word glosses of the original; the complete public-domain translation is linked below.
Book I.41 — Lawrence on the gridiron
AssumRoastedest,it isversaturnetandmanducaeat
Public-domain translations
H. de Romestin (NPNF, 1896)
When Lawrence was being roasted upon the gridiron he said: 'It is done; turn it and eat.' So he conquered the fire's punishment by his courage of soul… These are the riches of the Church — the poor, in whom Christ is fed.
Manuscript witnesses
Carolingian tradition
9th c. onwardDe officiis ministrorum, the West's first clerical ethics.
Patrologia Latina, vol. 16 (Migne)
1845Standard pre-critical text of the corpus.
Provenance
Milan, c. AD 388 — Cicero's Offices baptized for the clergy
Editions & scholarship
Critical editions and standard translations behind the text above.
- Ambrose: De OfficiisIvor J. Davidson, 2001Critical edition with translation and commentary (Oxford).
- Ambrose of MilanNeil B. McLynn, 1994The standard historical study.

